....what else can I say..except...this is my better half

aku perempuan tua

2011-01-03T04:45:00.000-08:00

sememangnya ini benar, umur mengenjak enjak ke angka 5, siapa sangka yang aku sudah masuk tahun akhir untuk mengenggam ijazah sarjana muda, tambahab lagi dalam fokus media massa, tak ada lintasan atau terlintas yang aku akan di tempat di daerah ini. Media massa, apakah jadahnya aku perlu ada di sini, sudah tentu, bukan kerja aku, Allah Yang Maha Mengetahui meletakkan aku di satu situasi yang menjadi penyebab aku tercampak di dalam bidang ini.

rupanya dalam bidang ini, kajian terhadap manusia makin mendalam, dan ini sudah berakar umbi dalam diri aku, mengenali manusia, sosiology, psikologi, kommunikasi antarabangsa, kommunikasi berbagai gaya, dan semuanya mengarah ke lubuk manusia....

dan aku juga makin bangga aku di beri peluang mengenali manusia, menjadikan aku berpandangan lebih luas akan karenah bangsa Melayu aku...dan sudah barangtentu...bangsa Malaysia aku...

dan aku tidak lagi mudah marah..atau mengherot mulut bila budaya mereka itu tidak selaras dengan pegangan agama aku...

dan aku dalam penuh perasaan merestui perjalanan hidup aku yang tidak pernah aku impikan...

Contoh Surat Beradat (disclaimer ini contoh tahun 2007)

2011-01-03T04:41:00.001-08:00

Contoh Surat Beradat

Daulat Tuanku bertambah-tambah daulat!

Tersembah ke bawah Duli Telapakan Seri Paduka Baginda Yang Dipertuan Agong Sultan Sulaiman ibni al-marhun Sultan Abdul Aziz, D.K, K.C.M.J., Yang Dipertuan Negeri Indera Sakti, Darul Intan yang bersemayam diatas takhta singgahsana Kerajaan di istana Kayangan dengan penuh kebesaran dan kemuliaan serta selamat sejahtera. Amin.

Amma Ba’du, ampun tuanku! Adalah patik Dato’ Safri Ali bin Othman, bagi pihak Jawatankuasa Pusat Pertandingan Pembangunan Silat Antarabangsa merafakkan sembah menjunjungi kasih ke bawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Tuanku mempersilakan Duli Yang Maha Mulia, Tuanku mencemar Duli untuk menyampaikan Titah serta hadiah kepada pemenang-pemenang pertandingan tersebut di Stadium Negara, Kuala Lumpur pada 9 Julai 1998 jam 9.00 pagi.

Amma ba’da ‘ithanai’l- mudzkurrah, ampun tuanku, dengan keberangkatan Duli Yang Maha Mulia Tuanku akan bertambah serilah lagi majlis Penyampaian Hadiah Pertandingan pembangunan Silat Antarabangsa itu. Had inilah sahaja patik berdatang sembah, dipohonkan sembah ampun dan timbang kurnia daripada Ke Bawah Duli jua, adanya.

Adalah patik dengan penuh hormat yang taat setia ke bawah Duli Tuanku.

(Dato Safri Ali bin Othman)
Pengerusi,
Pertandingan Pembangunan Silat Sedunia,
Kuala Lumpur.

Surat Beradat (yang ingin menulis surat beradat)

2011-01-03T04:28:00.000-08:00

Bab 7 - SURAT BERADAT (semoga membantu)

7.1 PENGENALAN
Surat beradat ialah surat yang diutuskan oleh rakyat kepada raja, orang kenamaan kepada raja-raja, raja kepada orang-orang kenamaan, di antara raja yang memerintah kepada kerabat di raja dan di antara raja-raja yang memerintah sesama raja.

Pengirim dan Penerima
 1. Rakyat kepada orang besar-besar yang bergelar.
 2. Rakyat dan orang besar-besar yang bergelar kepada Sultan.
 3. rakyat jelata kepada pegawai-pegawai tinggi.
 4. rakyat kepada Perdana Menteri

Permohonan surat beradat meliputi empat perkara:
i) permohonan dan pengaduan terhadap sesuatu perkara.
ii) Perkara yang dipohon/ diadu biasanya besar dan penting
iii) Bahasa yang digunakan hendaklah halus dan lembut sebagai tanda hormat kepada orang yang dituju dan sesuai pula dengan pangkat dan kedudukan penerima.
iv) Surat itu biasanya mengandungi hujah-hujah dan keterangan yang berkesan.

7.2 FORMAT SURAT BERADAT (sesetengah negara boleh lah merujuk)
Penulisan surat beradat hendaklah mematuhi format berikut:
 a.kepala surat- menggunakan perkataan Arab yang membawa maksud yang baik / mengikut kehendak pengirim surat. Penggunaan kata-kata pujian tentang penerima surat/doa untuk penerima surat
 Tujuan untuk memuliakan penerima surat.
 Surat yang ditiru daripada surat kiriman arab dan parsi.

Contoh : Waliyu’l hasanat- penghulu segala kebaikan.
 Ya Rafiu’l-darajat – ketinggian darjat/kedudukan
 Ya Rahim- yang penyayang
 Ya ‘Aziz – yang mulia
 Ya Karim- yang mulia
 Ya Taj al-Wafar

b.alamat surat – merujuk kepada nama/ gelaran dan alamat:
i) mengikut Sultan negeri-negeri/ kerabat diraja
ii) mengikut nama pembesar negeri/pemimpin/wakil rakyat
iii) jabatan
Contoh:
Mengadap ke majlis yang mulia Dato Setia Wangsa, yang beristirehat di Kampong Ladang, Kuala Terengganu, dengan sejahteranya. Amin.

c.maksud surat- tujuan surat beradat
-bercemar duli = Sultan/raja menghantar surat kepada sesebuah organisasi/ individu untuk melakukan lawatan kerja.
-mencemar duli = surat dihantar untuk mempersilakan Sultan/raja untuk lawatan kerja.
Sebelum sesuatu tujuan atau maksud surat ditulis, wujud perkataaan Arab iaitu Amma ba’du (adapun selepas itu) sebagai tanda pujian-pujian dari awal hingga akhir inti surat.
Contoh:
Daulat tuanku bertambah-tambah daulat!

d.menamatkan surat dan tanda tangan – mempunyai penutup yang bergantung kepada pengirim surat beradat.
Contohnya:
-Sekian dimaklumkan
-Saya/ patik sudahi dengan sembah dan takzim
-Demikianlah sahaja patik maklumkan. Disudahi dengan ingatan tulus ikhlas yang berkekalan dan diharapkan sentiasa dalam keadaan sihat ‘afiat arif waras aman sentosa, adanya.
-Had inilah sahaja, patik pacal yang hina berdatang sembah dan dipohonkan sembah ampun dan timbang kurnia daripada ke bawah Duli jua, adanya

7.3 PENGGUNAAN BAHASA DALAM SURAT BERADAT
a. bahasa Arab - dalam kepala surat
b. bahasa Melayu lama
c. bahasa Sanskrit
d. bahasa istana
e. bahasa biasa

CONTOH:
a.al-mustahiqah
b.ya qadiyal hajat
c.amma ba'du
d.patik pacal yang hina
e.menjunjung kasih
f.adalah patik dengan penuh hormat dan setia
g.daulat Tuanku bertambah-tambah daulat

7.4 PERATURAN PENULISAN SURAT BERADAT KEPADA YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG

1. Lafaz Bismilah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim
2. Perkataan Mengadap
3. Kata puji-pujian-Nama penuh Seri Paduka Baginda Tuanku dan Pangkat/anugerah dan pujian di atas pemerintahannya.
 Contoh:
 Dengan hormatnya, patik merafakkan sembah dan berdoa kehadrat Allah Subhana Wataala, mudah-mudahan Seri Paduka Baginda Tuanku dan Seri Paduka Baginda Raja Permaisuri Agong sentiasa berada dalam selamat dan kesejahteraannya.

4.Salam Pembuka Penuh- Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
5. Kandungan / isi surat
6. Penutup surat
7. tandatangan dan jawatan

ASPEK BAHASA DAN BUDAYA

 Kandungan bahasa berbunga-bunga kerana pengaruh terjemahan bahasa arab dan parsi.
 Penggunaan bahasa mestilah bersesuaian dengan penerima. Jika Seri Paduka Baginda Tuanku, bahasa dirajanya hendaklah ringkas dan mudah difahami.
 Penulisan surat beradat menunjukkan aspek budaya yang tinggi kerana mengambil kira penerima surat sebagai orang yang perlu dihormati dan disanjungi.
 Budaya Melayu yang mementingkan institusi Kesultanan Melayu

disclaimer - tidak bertanggungjawab jika format kini sudah pun di ubah. Semoga dapat membantu pelajar juga pencari pencari contoh menulis surat beradat.

Thanks to Puan Saliza - 2007.

Media Law

2011-01-03T04:23:00.000-08:00

What is Media Law

What is Media Law

Media law is an area of the law which covers media communications of all sorts and sizes. Specialists in this field may work for individual companies, handling legal issues which come up in the course of doing business. They can also work for organizations which provide advocacy to people who run afoul of the law, or have private practices with consulting services and other forms of legal assistance available to clients. In order to become a media lawyer, it is necessary to attend law school and complete a concentration in media law, an option which is not offered at all law schools.

There are three general areas of interest within media law. The first is print media, including newspapers, magazines, print advertising and so forth. The second is telecommunications, including radio and television broadcasting. Finally, digital communications and the Internet are a broad field within media law, and as the Internet evolves, this frontier is constantly changing.

Media lawyers handle topics such as defamation, slander, and the right to privacy. They discuss whether or not activities are legal, what modifications might need to be made to make something legal, and how to defend people engaging in controversial activities. Media lawyers can specialize in things like assisting citizen journalists, protecting journalistic sources, defending copyrights and intellectual property, and determining where the boundaries of fair use lie. Advocacy organizations are especially interested in protecting people online and helping individuals resist questionable legal tactics which might be used by larger organizations and companies which are unhappy with their activities.

Many nations have a number of laws which pertain to media, and these laws are often in flux as nations attempt to deal with changing technology and norms. A career in media law requires keeping abreast of legislative changes as well as tracking court cases related to media law which might set precedents or clarify the law. Even work in traditional fields like newspapers is evolving rapidly, and a good legal department needs to have staff who are familiar with the latest in the field.
Some media lawyers may spend much of their time in the office, drafting contracts and briefs, doing research, and acting as consultants. Others may attend meetings to provide legal advice and assistance, and some lawyers spend more time in court actively trying cases. All of these aspects of legal practice are of importance, and as people train and work, they learn more about the areas of legal practice they are most interested in. Some lawyers, for example, enjoy going to court, while others may prefer preparing legal research.

there is written law, verbal law, law that being uphold, law controlled by people who has power, law that are being triggered to kill one and save a lot and we as human and the people that know, knew, there is no other law that can be best justified, than law by GOD...so be patience...the day will come....i promise u..

hati ibu

2010-11-24T04:54:00.001-08:00

bagaimanalah nak ditafsifkan hati seorang ibu bila anaknya tidak tahu apa yang perlu di katakan kepada seorang anak yang daya ingatannya tidak lebih dari 3 saat

pesanannya ibunya tidak di ingat

dan selalu lah ibunya dikecewakan kerana sifat anak yang tidak dapat mengingatkan segala pesanannya

jika berjanji kepada ibunya dia sendiri yang lupa

kalau di marahi bagai menyalak di bukit kerana apalah gunanya kerana bukan dengan sengaja dia lupa

kalau dia sendiri jarang sekali dapat mengingati apa yang perlu dia sendiri lakukan

letak beg di sini di sana di carinya letak tali leher satu rumah dipunggahnya

sudah kehendak tuhan

sudah tentu ada jalan namun belum diketemukan

dan hati seorang ibu masih lagi mengharapkan kemustahilan menjadi jawaban.

Media Law

2010-11-17T02:57:00.000-08:00

what about it what should we look into this paper. referring to the contents of what need to be achieved will need to -

1. Understand the overall concepts of the media and law in the country
2. Able to address the importance of regulation and ethics in the society
3. To provide an overview of major approaches to the study of media and law, specifically from within the communication field and looking to 2 years of past years questions and that is 4 papers, not many is being repeated, and it mean that we need to understand the entire subjek on what is what of and what not of media law...and again it meant a lot of reading..

I have left this blog for a full semester

2010-11-17T02:53:00.001-08:00

because there is not neccessary to me but this coming semester i need a place i can always refer my reading and there are too wide to be compared in my harddisk so this coming semester will be on

this coming semester
PR Marketing
Media Law
PR in Special Topic
PR Financial
Interpersonal communication
and
New Media

and starts with anything about Media Law

previous semester

public opinion
advanced script writing
arab language part 3
media research
procedures of translation

it has begun

2010-01-09T06:39:00.000-08:00

management
international public relations
events management
economy and
Arabic languages

todate..i have bought books for management and IPR only...need to spend on events management and economy...

why on earth it is difficult to get the books in the bookstore...but they suggested it to us..

what..

why..

This semester Dec - Apr 2010

2010-01-06T05:40:00.000-08:00

I have decided to end my studies in 2011. In making it happening, i need to take 5 paper per semester, with 4 semester left for me to achieve that, hardworking is beyond question.

I prayed to GOD Allah Almighty to honor me with good health and sanity for the rest of 24 months.

May God Bless Us All.

Mengedit foto dengan Photoscape

2009-11-19T03:32:00.000-08:00

Mengedit foto dengan Photoscape

After the term has ended

2009-11-15T01:20:00.000-08:00

Ethnic Relations

I no more on assimilations, acculturation, accomodation, races, ethnik, and best of all the constitutions, what is special about the constitutions, where our grandfathers has sat and came up with the law, we need to abide or fights for changes, see which one can come first.

Pluralisation in Malaysia was a forced situation but see we ended up better than the west. We asian need to understand to work together, your beliefs is yours your cultures is yours but whenever we can fit and work together, it is best for our grandchildren.

I hope to work with Dr Huzaimah on all her ngo efforts.

Government Public Relations

We are not far from the west, we are good. We are Malaysian, semua pun boleh. Prof Hamdan, your books, I do not understand when you said you are too open, and yes after reading your books, I now understand. But history must be told Sir and i agree with you 100 per cent. Thank you Dr Amarjit.

Corporate Public Relations

Started so smooth ended up with a war...OH MY ! Encik Rosli, you must have not predicted to end the semester like this. Nobody is. Worst, I got a bunch of enemies.

Persuasion

I wish i am given a second chance. Puan Haslita, I can do better, I am.

Corporate Public Relations

2009-07-10T08:36:00.000-07:00

Corporate public relations objectives are

- supports the profit-making capabilities of the firm
- creating a good business environment so that the company will continue to be able to operate
- exhibit the company is socially responsible and not purely profit motivated
- responsible towards the society and concern
- cooperative and support social issues eg environmental protection and consumerism

brief idea on public relations objectives...see you later

What do I understand about Persuasion

2009-07-07T08:33:00.000-07:00

Persuasion is an attempt to persuade others, to convince, to change their beliefs and decision and to top all is for the other party to take actions after the persuasion.

Definitely there will be the good persuasion and the dark side of the action.

Friends persuade you to change your decision on where you should have lunch on that day and that is a mild persuasion, nobody get hurt but a full stomach.

Friends persuade you to take drugs and that is something for you to consider, but to justify the persuasion it is done openly, except you are taken in with your stupid ego.

And all on the above is still a mild example.

How about a Public Relations practitioner persuade you to change your beliefs on your political candidate and the candidate is the wrong one...what will happen..not so harmful you have another five years to topple him down but then for 5 years..how many damages and harm can come upon you and your country ?...eh..

That is the mild introduction on persuasion..

Ethnic Relations

2009-07-06T05:28:00.000-07:00

Walawey, perfect time, 1 malaysian and ethnic relations, it clicks dearie. One voice one culture one dream. You gotta be kidding, there is no such thing that we can asimilate culture, not now not ever. We can respect each other culture but to live in each other culture that is way too much.

Culture and religion are related to each other. We cannot hope much in making 1 malaysian to be accepted by everybody. The idea is good the implementation need a clear understanding in all aspects.

I hope to unite us together is to make sure the education and the distributing of wealth will be closer to each race and stand at the same height and trust and at least we try to make it work

PR Government

2009-07-06T05:21:00.001-07:00

Slowly i turn the page one by one, the lecturer has downloaded the notes in our iclass (website where all the subjects that we are taking will be discussed online and in the seminar).

Well it is not that what I am afraid off so far, they are discussing what is going on in the government, well this the best way for us to find out, to learn and to understand what actually is written and most probably 95% being practised in the real life.

Well there is a lot more for me to chew and swallow but for today chapter 1 , the introduction has able to catch my liking in this subject.

My summary of the last term papers

2009-07-05T03:22:00.000-07:00

Psychology - definitely, you must read the whole book, then read more from other books, and please remember understand and memorize if possible all the important research, i guarantee you most of the famous findings - pavlov, skinner, operant conditioning are going to be applied in other papers well it help my marketing plus my writing papers..as if i am killing 3 birds with one stone..my oh my..

in other help you will understand csi better plus you will know what to do once you see a borderline friend (run as fast as you could)...welll it does not help you nor her if you stay either..got A minus for this paper

PR Writing - how i enjoyed this paper ...i wrote and wrote and detox in all the paper..well now I do understand what kind of human I am..a pathetic self blamed person..omg..Love this...got A for this paper

Marketing - another reading understand and common sense paper ...make sure you remember all the terms if not you will be staring at Part A of the paper...but I love my lecturer on this paper and it makes the subject interesting and the way she guided us the whole semester via conferences (ym) give a booze to our spirit as a epjj students...will always love her...ang got A minus for this paper too

BEL 482 - well this paper - and the people in it I will remember and will make sure it will not happen in future. I love Puan Noraini and that it..and that is all I want to remember about this paper....Luckily I got A too.

that it..well followers...if you want to have more information on the rest of the paper..well I have stop uploading the information.

The current semester will be for

Corporate PR, Government PR, Persuasive Communication, Ethnic Relations and Arabic Language...see you all soon on these papers.

My oh My

2009-07-05T03:21:00.000-07:00

Semester 3 results...hurmmm - overwhelming..I hope and prayed it will be the same for the rest of semesters...hurmm...

Summary of Communication theory via Puan Notes

2009-02-01T07:00:00.001-08:00

Communication Theory

Objectivess
a) understand the theories and concepts
b) the elements
c) recognise the importance of opinion former and opinion
d) understands the concepts hierarchy

Theories

Kloppers 1960
- one way comm
- hyperdemic effect
- comm was trasfers of ideas, feelings, knowledge from one mind to another

Schramms 1955
- 2 way communications
- Communications with feedback, correspondence
- Be able to adapt and alter when neccessary

Silent Communication
- Letters, Numbers (character) - 2009, RM200
- Space (distance to show dislike)
- Artefacts - expensive watch , cheap shirt
- Movements (shrug, shake)
- Smell - Appetising
- Touch - soft eg silk - expensive
-Colour - Red - angry, stop , Orange - speed, slow down

Meaning
- Denotative
- Conotative
- Syntatics
- Semantics
- Icon
-Index
- Symbol
-Simile
-Metaphor
- Allegory

Understanding
- Effective Communication
- Ineffective Communicaiton

Source Characteristics
- Source credibility
- Source Attractiveness
- Source Power

Message Characteristics - Pg 16-17
- Repetitions
-Decay
- Wearout
- Positive
- Neutral
-Negative

Two Step Model
- Opinion leader
- Opinion founder

Diffusion of Innovation - Pg 21
- Time
- Internet Access
- Digital TV Access
- Mobili Phones

Product Life Cycle
- Introduction
-Growth
- Maturity
- Reinvention
- Decline
(against time)

Marcom Strategies (elaborate)

Marketing Objectives (elaborate)

Marcom Objectives (elaborate)

Hierarchy of Effects (elaborate)

Problems Solving (elaborate)

Public Relations Writer Role

2009-01-24T05:33:00.000-08:00

what do you think is their role, so we knew that PR responsibility is to be the middle person for their firm and the public

since the best part what they are doing for both is in writing, PR writer do not write like a journalist or sell like an advertising agency they are to advise, be part in the management, be spokeperson for the employee for the employer, give the ideas with their cognitive thinking and be expert in doing research..

what they wrote must be accountable..reliable..trustworthy...or they had lost all the trust from the public...

..they should write with facts and should not be tailormade to suit his employer needs...

and to be good at all this...the writer need to be...

good at their tools...

their English Language, grammar, knowledgeable, using current style, using the current communication media...e-mail...desktop publishings..and others...

so..later..

Psychology

2009-01-19T06:39:00.000-08:00

picked from : http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/borderline-personality-disorder.shtml

My topic is Borderline Personality Disorder (this is my assignment paper for this semester)

Raising questions, finding answers

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness characterized by pervasive instability in moods, interpersonal relationships, self-image, and behavior. This instability often disrupts family and work life, long-term planning, and the individual's sense of self-identity. Originally thought to be at the "borderline" of psychosis, people with BPD suffer from a disorder of emotion regulation. While less well known than schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness), BPD is more common, affecting 2 percent of adults, mostly young women.1 There is a high rate of self-injury without suicide intent, as well as a significant rate of suicide attempts and completed suicide in severe cases.2,3 Patients often need extensive mental health services, and account for 20 percent of psychiatric hospitalizations.4 Yet, with help, many improve over time and are eventually able to lead productive lives.

Symptoms
While a person with depression or bipolar disorder typically endures the same mood for weeks, a person with BPD may experience intense bouts of anger, depression, and anxiety that may last only hours, or at most a day.5 These may be associated with episodes of impulsive aggression, self-injury, and drug or alcohol abuse. Distortions in cognition and sense of self can lead to frequent changes in long-term goals, career plans, jobs, friendships, gender identity, and values. Sometimes people with BPD view themselves as fundamentally bad, or unworthy. They may feel unfairly misunderstood or mistreated, bored, empty, and have little idea who they are. Such symptoms are most acute when people with BPD feel isolated and lacking in social support, and may result in frantic efforts to avoid being alone.

People with BPD often have highly unstable patterns of social relationships. While they can develop intense but stormy attachments, their attitudes towards family, friends, and loved ones may suddenly shift from idealization (great admiration and love) to devaluation (intense anger and dislike). Thus, they may form an immediate attachment and idealize the other person, but when a slight separation or conflict occurs, they switch unexpectedly to the other extreme and angrily accuse the other person of not caring for them at all. Even with family members, individuals with BPD are highly sensitive to rejection, reacting with anger and distress to such mild separations as a vacation, a business trip, or a sudden change in plans. These fears of abandonment seem to be related to difficulties feeling emotionally connected to important persons when they are physically absent, leaving the individual with BPD feeling lost and perhaps worthless. Suicide threats and attempts may occur along with anger at perceived abandonment and disappointments.

People with BPD exhibit other impulsive behaviors, such as excessive spending, binge eating and risky sex. BPD often occurs together with other psychiatric problems, particularly bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and other personality disorders.

Treatment
Treatments for BPD have improved in recent years. Group and individual psychotherapy are at least partially effective for many patients. Within the past 15 years, a new psychosocial treatment termed dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was developed specifically to treat BPD, and this technique has looked promising in treatment studies.6 Pharmacological treatments are often prescribed based on specific target symptoms shown by the individual patient. Antidepressant drugs and mood stabilizers may be helpful for depressed and/or labile mood. Antipsychotic drugs may also be used when there are distortions in thinking.7

Recent Research Findings
Although the cause of BPD is unknown, both environmental and genetic factors are thought to play a role in predisposing patients to BPD symptoms and traits. Studies show that many, but not all individuals with BPD report a history of abuse, neglect, or separation as young children.8 Forty to 71 percent of BPD patients report having been sexually abused, usually by a non-caregiver.9 Researchers believe that BPD results from a combination of individual vulnerability to environmental stress, neglect or abuse as young children, and a series of events that trigger the onset of the disorder as young adults.

Adults with BPD are also considerably more likely to be the victim of violence, including rape and other crimes. This may result from both harmful environments as well as impulsivity and poor judgement in choosing partners and lifestyles.

NIMH-funded neuroscience research is revealing brain mechanisms underlying the impulsivity, mood instability, aggression, anger, and negative emotion seen in BPD. Studies suggest that people predisposed to impulsive aggression have impaired regulation of the neural circuits that modulate emotion.

10 The amygdala, a small almond-shaped structure deep inside the brain, is an important component of the circuit that regulates negative emotion. In response to signals from other brain centers indicating a perceived threat, it marshals fear and arousal. This might be more pronounced under the influence of drugs like alcohol, or stress. Areas in the front of the brain (pre-frontal area) act to dampen the activity of this circuit. Recent brain imaging studies show that individual differences in the ability to activate regions of the prefrontal cerebral cortex thought to be involved in inhibitory activity predict the ability to suppress negative emotion.

11Serotonin, norepinephrine and acetylcholine are among the chemical messengers in these circuits that play a role in the regulation of emotions, including sadness, anger, anxiety, and irritability. Drugs that enhance brain serotonin function may improve emotional symptoms in BPD. Likewise, mood-stabilizing drugs that are known to enhance the activity of GABA, the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter, may help people who experience BPD-like mood swings. Such brain-based vulnerabilities can be managed with help from behavioral interventions and medications, much like people manage susceptibility to diabetes or high blood pressure.7

Future Progress
Studies that translate basic findings about the neural basis of temperament, mood regulation, and cognition into clinically relevant insights which bear directly on BPD represent a growing area of NIMH-supported research. Research is also underway to test the efficacy of combining medications with behavioral treatments like DBT, and gauging the effect of childhood abuse and other stress in BPD on brain hormones. Data from the first prospective, longitudinal study of BPD, which began in the early 1990s, is expected to reveal how treatment affects the course of the illness. It will also pinpoint specific environmental factors and personality traits that predict a more favorable outcome. The Institute is also collaborating with a private foundation to help attract new researchers to develop a better understanding and better treatment for BPD.

that it...(but there is more) from our book page 487. If you want to know more, please read up.

Understanding Marketing Communications - Read up

2009-01-17T18:53:00.000-08:00

picked from - http://www.helium.com/items/669050-understanding-integrated-marketing-communication-imc

Understanding Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC)

by Dante de Miura

Why do smart companies go to great lengths to ensure consistency in their brand marketing messages across all marketing channels? There are many levels of answers to this, but ultimately it comes down to two things: Winning the battle of perceptions and generating sales.
In today's heavily cluttered marketplace with heavily fragmented media and heavily time-taxed consumers, companies are struggling to get the kind of exposure for their products they used to get 30 years ago. In order to get noticed, and in an attempt to cut through the noise generated by so much advertising and promoting of product, companies are smartly creating highly-focused communications that more accurately reflect the desired brand's image and using the same style of executions in all mediums and at all touchpoints with target consumers. The result? Higher brand recall by consumers, more effective awareness, more impact from marketing dollars spent and a higher probability of of triggering desired outcomes, namely, favorable perceptions and purchases.

Thirty years ago, all Proctor & Gamble had to do to reach well over 70% of the homemaker market segment was run a few TV commercials on a few different daytime TV shows (usually soap operas). Today, with the proliferation of now hundreds of TV stations and programming options, and with fewer stay-at-home spouses, P&G would reach a mere fraction of that with the same method. Add to that the the many other mediums and modes of communication we have today and you can see why company executives scratch their heads about how to best reach their target audience. The number of people with computers, Internet access (to millions of "channels"), cell phones, portable media receivers, etc, between 25-to 45-year-olds is staggering compared to just five years ago-and it is still growing.

Today, companies must use a wide and varied mix of media to reach a large portion of their audience, save for the middle and elderly part of the Senior market, but even that is changing. And in order to create a lasting impression and to trigger certain perceptions in the future at a moment's glance they need to ensure consistency in look, feel, style, tone, color and message at every touchpoint with consumers. And, equally importantly, they need to do it with a highly-impactful visual layout and few words. And it is not as easy as it may seem.
Creating integrated marketing communications, then, means expressing the core brand message in the same or very similar fashion at every touchpoint with the target consumer (or business-to-business customer).

As humans, we can really only comprehend just a few ideas at any one time so very focused messaging is usually more effective, anyway. Still, companies struggle with this because they have so much they want to say. But what they are learning (finally, after all these years) is that they can say way more visually about their brand, in the few seconds they have our attention, then we would have time (or care to take the time) to read about their brand. Enter now the world of perceptual management and see what companies are really getting a handle on and why integrated marketing communications will become the standard practice for all brands.

"Perceptions" are what drives purchasing behavior. Perceptions are formed in our minds through judgments-sometimes immediately and sometimes after careful consideration. The strongest perceptions, or those that we feel most passionate about, are those formed through emotional judgments, or the ideas, notions or concepts that we feel attach strongly to our own values, wants or likes. This understanding by corporations of perceptions and how to pro-actively manage them has led to a boom in the brand-building industry and better, more focused branding efforts that, in the end, help consumers more easily determine what brands we want to align with.

So, you might wonder, if brand managers are looking to make quicker, more lasting, more effective communications today by delivering consistent and "integrated" communications through a plethora of media, threading highly-selected visuals and written words into every mode, medium and message, then aren't they taking a huge risk? If everything looks and sounds the same, aren't they hanging their hat on only one hook? What if it doesn't work?
The answer represents a shift in accountability. In the "old" days, if a product "campaign" didn't work, the creative team was blamed and the ad agency was fired or a new team was installed. Today, with the focus on brand-building, integrated messaging and managing perceptions, the blame lies squarely with the developers of the brand strategy. That's because the "science" (as it were) of managing perceptions has created a visual and verbal translation mechanism that provides more highly reliable input for creative executions AND a way to validate those executions prior to going to market with them.

When creative executions are left to the creative development team to "translate" traditional written research and strategy documents and creative briefs, these professionals communicators do their best to intuitively develop visual and verbal executions they think hit the mark.
This led to consumers either deriving the "correct" meaning and feeling of the ads, commercials or brochures or getting an incorrect, or unintended meaning, feeling or perception. This left many companies to spend millions of dollars in HOPES of triggering favorable perceptions and garnering correct positioning in the minds of their audience and in the marketplace in general. The notion of being more proactive in managing these perceptions at the outset rather than to "guess" is what led to the perceptual management practice.

Now, companies can actually have a better handle on how their customers will view a brand by highly-focusing what they want a that brand to represent. Brand strategies today should not conclude with, say, a 200-page written document, but rather three or four desired perceptions that are formed directly from the research and strategy work. These core perceptions should represent the desired effect of how consumers should think about this brand and must meet three main criteria to be considered "on target." The perceptions must:
1. Be meaningful to the customers 2. Show differentiation from the competition 3. Be true to the actual nature and values of the brand
Once these are determined, they must be visually translated - in a very raw sense - and by customers, not creatives. To do this, a brand manager can take each desired brand perception and create for it what's called an "opposite" perception, or one diametrically opposed and not desired. For each brand perception and its opposite, a series of visual images will be gathered to test with consumers. Each series of images (say, eight to ten) will be within the same subject matter, like people or scenery or perhaps even more in context, like various other company Websites (with brand/company names removed).

Consumers are then asked, in small groups of four to six, to rank these images linearly according to the desired perception and its opposite. The result is a spectrum (or spectrums) for each perception, illustrating how target consumers see visual information as it relates to the perceptions. More accurately put, they are basically telling the manager what types of imagery is triggering the desired perception. This can be done with logos, key words and brand names, as well.

Results from this type of qualitative activity provides much better input to the creative team and helps them better perform their jobs. In fact, upon analysis of these results, what they are getting are visual and verbal cues that trigger desired brand perceptions. Rather than having to sift through hundreds of pages of documents, or try to intuitively decipher a written creative brief, creatives (especially graphic designers) are handed a palette of visual information to use in their work. Doesn't make more sense to hand creative people more precise visual and verbal data to embed in their executions versus stacks of documents? Of course, and typically they have a more immediate understanding of not only where the brand needs to go executionally but also which cues to avoid. This saves time and money and the frustration of re-work.

Once the creative team pulls together initial concepts for ads and such, these concepts can again be tested with consumers to find the one most effective at triggering desired perceptions, or what refinements need to be made. It is after this that all the necessary and final executions for all varieties media to be employed are executed. With each execution embedding the "winning" cues, and with all the pieces having similar look, feel, style, tone, etc., that the brand manager is better assured of triggering desired perceptions for brand and creating better brand recall and awareness.

In all, the proliferation of means to promote and advertise products in this day and age, and the dramatic bombardment of messages consumers receive daily, have led to increased costs for marketers that want to gain significant exposure for their brands. The attempts to cut through the clutter, gain recognition and awareness and use marketing dollars more effectively led to an international drive towards communications integration. This, in turn, led to more focused brand-building, the proactive management of desired marketplace perceptions and an easier way for consumers to more quickly evaluate a brand against their wants and desires.

(yes I know so many words). But it is very informative to have the feel and thought about what marketing is about.

Principles of Marketing

2009-01-15T21:51:00.000-08:00

Marketing - Managing Profitable Customer Relationships

1 - Marketing - def

2 - Understanding the marketplace and consumer needs

3 - Preparing a marketing plan and program

4 - Building customer relationship

5 - Capturing value from customers

6 - The New Marketing landscape

7 - Summary on what is marketing

Writing For Public Relations

2009-01-15T06:51:00.000-08:00

....I think I have a problem...I will not be ease if the stuff is not complete. I do not have my book, and I will probably will have it next month...I am shaking all over thinking about this matter.

the topic given..and we have to write at least 2 pages and email it to our lecturer...i tremble to think that we have a balance of 7 days to do it and there is no reference whatsoever to start with..

slowly..I read the topic again and gain some confidence...he has reviewed this chapter quite clearly that day..and yes..it is a repetition (sort of)..that this assigment is a revision of our last semester...yeah..I have the book..

wow ..i felt so much better...

and the topic is clearly and very transparent on what we are referring to the subject itself..

yes guys come on...

Marketing Communications

2009-01-15T06:21:00.000-08:00

Since we need to have 12 credit hours to enable us to get the Dean's certificate, with heavy heart I decided to changed my plan of study.

I have dropped CTU 553 and replaced to Marketing in Communications - Com 463. Since yesterday, I did not managed to get into Iclass so I decided to call Puan. I managed to speak to Puan and informed my problems and proceeded to give a call to the SMB (after advised by Puan). After the staff-in-charged informed me that I will be able to view the Marketing on line I am relieved.

Yes, at last I managed to go into Iclass and went through the contents. It looks like, I have to really pull my socks this Semester. 4 Subject and all of them is tough. Very tough, a lot of reading and assignments.

My oh My....oh gosh be ghost..Let's gone...

Psychology - Background

2009-01-13T21:09:00.000-08:00

Psychology -
The scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.

Field of Psychology is considered as science because the scientific methods are used to acquire the body of knowledge

Goal of Psychology -
The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict and control the behavior and mental processes

1.To describe: The first step in understanding any behavior and mental process. Researchers describe the phenomenon of behaviors and mental processes as accurately and completely as possible.

2.To explain: Researchers explain the causes of the behaviors and mental processes after the findings have been tested, retested and confirmed.

3.To predict: Researchers have the knowledge to specify the condition under which a behavior is likely to occur (antecedent condition and consequent behaviors or symptom).

4.To control: Researchers apply the findings of researches. This goal is accomplish when researchers change the antecedent conditions to prevent unwanted consequences.

PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHOLOGY

1.Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) -Father of Psychology

2.Structuralism- Englishmen Edward Bradford Titchener (1867-1927)

3.Functionalism-William James (1842-1910)

4.Gestalt Psychology- Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffa and Wolfgang Kohler

5.Behaviorism-J.B. Watson (1878-1958)

6.Psychoanalysis-Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

7.Existential and Humanistic Psychology-Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

8.Cognitive Psychology

(Please read up to understand more 1 - 8)

Psychology - 1st Seminar 11 January 2009

2009-01-11T04:43:00.000-08:00

Human Psychology/Animal Psychology

Scientific behaviour or mental process of human

Psychology is now defined as the scientific study of behaviours and mental processess.

(many people perceive psychology as a field that only studies abnormal behaviours and mental disorders. Actually psychologists do not only study strange and unusual behaviour but they are also interested in the normal behaviours and mental processess as well).

_____________________ooooo________________________

Assessment

Quizzes - 4 seminar - 4 quizes - 20%

Assignment : Essay - 30%

Final Exam : - 40%

Internet participation - 10%

Grand Total - 100%

------------------------------------------------o ---------------------------------

Minutes of Meetings

2009-01-11T04:11:00.001-08:00

Today is the first seminar on Bel 482.

Since there is no posting at all on this topic so I will be updating this subject first compared to others.

After all the discussions these are the main points that we needed to remember, memorize, understand, chew it, blender it we must remember these 10 items whatsoever amnesia that is going to hit us.

1. Chairman's address
2. Apology of Absent
3. Minutes of last meeting
4. Matters of arising out of the last meeting
5. Reports
6. Correpondence
7. Special Business
8. Any other Business
9. Date/time/venue of the next meeting
10. Close
_________________ oooo______________________

Def. of Meetings - a group of people meet to discuss , number of people is more than 2,

Formal meetings - It is a planned ahead, all committees need to be informed (email, faxed, memos but not verbal). It is a legal documents and accepted in courts and it needed to be stated in hardcopy to be an evidence if need be.

_________________________________________________

Markings - for this paper

1 - Meetings 1 (mock meetings ) - seminar 3 - 20 %
2 - Meetings (presentation with a group of 7) - seminar 4 - 40%
3. Meetings - Minutes of meetings (exam) final seminar 5 - 30%
4. Participation on line - 10%

Grand total 100%
__________________________________________________

Some terms to be used in the writing of minutes (make sure it is being applied)

quorom - enough number of people to start a meeting (sometimes determine by their agreement)
propose - suggestions
proposal - suggested ideas
seconded - agreeing the proposed idea
adjourn - meeting ended
shelf the proposal (postponed the proposal to next meeting
cast vote - only will be needed if there is equal vote. Chairman will decide and that is called cast vote.
carried out - after the meeting has accepted the proposal the proposal will be carried out
unanimously accepted (sebulat suara) - one voice
abstain - do not vote at all (duduk atas pagar)

What is Writing for Public Relations

2009-01-09T07:05:00.000-08:00

Introduction

There are 2 senses for Public Relations Writing

1 Literal

2 Professional senses

Writing Process

- Elements

- to be communicated

- target publics

- channels

Basic Communication

Sender (PR practitioner) -----> Message (channel/media) -----> receiver (publics)

Publics (wikipedia)

Publics targeting

A fundamental technique used in public relations is to identify the target audience, and to tailor every message to appeal to that audience. It can be a general, nationwide or worldwide audience, but it is more often a segment of a population. Marketers often refer to economy-driven "demographics," such as "black males 18-49," but in public relations an audience is more fluid, being whoever someone wants to reach. For example, recent political audiences include "soccer moms" and "NASCAR dads." There is also a psychographic grouping based on fitness level, eating preferences, "adrenaline junkies,"etc...

In addition to audiences, there are usually stakeholders, literally people who have a "stake" in a given issue. All audiences are stakeholders (or presumptive stakeholders), but not all stakeholders are audiences. For example, a charity commissions a PR agency to create an advertising campaign to raise money to find a cure for a disease. The charity and the people with the disease are stakeholders, but the audience is anyone who is likely to donate money.
Sometimes the interests of differing audiences and stakeholders common to a PR effort necessitate the creation of several distinct but still complementary messages. This is not always easy to do, and sometimes – especially in politics – a spokesperson or client says something to one audience that angers another audience or group of stakeholders.

Channels

- specified media - specified audience (eg employees - newsletter)

- mass media - for mass audience (eg magazine, books)

ROLE

PR Writers Role

1 - Well verse with all aspects of the organisation

2 - Well verse about the organisation's public

3 - Be able to determine the best channels to seperate the message

4 - Well verse in communication (tools)

GOAL

Communicators - to inform

Receivers - learn threats and opportunities, understand, accepting realities, decide

Communicators - to teach

Receivers - acquire skills and knowledge to functions effectively in the community, learn appropriate values, behaviours and role from acceptance in the community

Communicators - to persuade

Receivers - to reach decisions, to adopt appropriate values, behaviours and roles for acceptance in the community

Communicators - to please

Receivers - to enjoy, relax, entertained, to be distrated from problem

TOOLS for WRITERS

- Equipment (references eg dictionary, internet, notes, trends, professional periodicals)

- Research

RESEARCH

1 - Essential first stop to writing

2 A process of gathering, organising, presenting, updating and revising information

3 (i) Primary resources

(ii) Secondary resources

RESEARCH - Primary Sources

1 - Interviewing

Characteristics for interviewing

- research the subject

- research the person we are going to interview

- prepare list of questions

- use recorder and take notes (do not totally depend on memory)

- Ask to explain if not sure of answer

- Ask specific question to get specific answers

- Ask one questions at a time

Character of an interviewer

- warm and responsive

- to create a permissive atmosphere

- must not apply pressure

From this primary resources to this research

- focus from the interview

- Questionnaires

(until then)...

Psychology

2009-01-08T04:54:00.000-08:00

Reading the syllabus on Psychology printed from iclass today, gave me an overview on what we are learning for this semester. ...cruising around the pages ....

At the moment the attempt is at the content only (betul tau I bukan ada masa sangat). Basically we did had some basic information on this subject.

We did discussed earlier some topics in Sosiology. It looks like we are going in-depth on human personality (seronoknya). Looking at the project paper, there is a similiarity in our Sosio project paper too.

Based on the summary on the chapter that we are going through there is a similiar objective on the research that we have done in Semester 2. (Literature Review). At least, now I will get the opportunity to improve my paper compared to last semester (menyedihkan). 8 marks upon fifteen (did not fit with my ego).

I will stop for now and it will be continued soon - promise...tau

It has been long...since

2009-01-08T04:31:00.000-08:00

! the clan

...sorry geng....I had taken a long break..lazying around with my kids..being a MOTHER mother..Period. So..when friends dropped by(the clan)..they are amazed to see my unclutered home..far better compared during the hari raya see...how I can improved with a bit more time..and they make comments like..who came to clean the house..your sister again aaa...!! cheh..podah...I do know how to keep my home fit for humans ....Enough said (lame excuse..ha ha) next..

Bab 1 - Hubungan Etnik di Malaysia Secara Umum

2008-12-26T20:37:00.000-08:00

Rusuhan 13 Mei 1969 - Rusuhan Etnik pertama yang telah membuka semua mata untuk tidak membiarkan permasalahan dalaman ini di tepibekukan.

Selepas 12 tahun merdeka, permusuhan itu tersembul keluar dengan menumpahkan darah dan kebencian antara satu sama lain. Masalahnya di luar bandar tidak pula ia nampak jelas yang membolehkan kebencian itu meruncing hingga menumpahkan darah.

Dari pengalaman pahit itu, maka Malaysia mula mengenengahkan kepentingan kestabilan politik di dalam mendalami permasalah sosial yakni masalah hubungan etnik. Pemeliharaanya untuk menjamin kestabilan politik dan pertubuhan ekonomi yang harmonis adalah wajib.

1969 - kerajaan telah menubuhkan Jabatan Pernaduan Negara dan Integrasi Nasional. Tujuan murni yang pertama adalah untuk memupuk dan merapatkan masyarakat daripada semua negeri.

bersambung...

Kandungan - Hubungan Etnik

2008-12-26T20:29:00.000-08:00

Bab 1 - Hubungan Etnik di Malaysia Secara Umum
Bab 2 - Konsep Asas Hubungan Etnik
Bab 3 - Pluraliti dan Masyarakat
Bab 4 - Pembangunan Ekonomi dalam Hubungan Etnik di Malaysia
Bab 5 - Pembangunan Politik dalam Konteks Hubungan Etnik di Malaysia
Bab 6 - Perlembagaan Malaysia dalam Konteks Hubungan Etnik di Malaysia
Bab 7 - Hubungan Etnik, Integrasi dan Menangani Cabaran
Bab 8 - Agama dan Hubungan Etnik
Bab 9 - Hubungan Etnik - Sumbangan Kerajaan dan Masyarakat
Bab 10 - Rumusan

Ethnic Relations - Dalam Bahasa Malaysia

2008-12-26T17:40:00.000-08:00

Semalam pergi ke UITM Shah Alam, ambil surat untuk keluarkan EPF. Sementelahan pejabat modul buka, saya menanyakan ada tak buku untuk SEM 3. Seteleh adik tu melihat senarai, ada lah sebuah buku di berikan kepada saya. Ethnic Relations - CTU 553.

"Modul Hubungan Etnik" di dalam Bahasa Malaysia rupanya. Tak perlu lah saya menaikkan gambar di sini, rasanya semua yang mengambil subjek ini akan mendapatkan modul ini juga.

Berkisar tentang perhubungan Etnik di Malaysia dan perhubungannya dengan politik.

Nampak gayanya..belajar politik lah kita sesikit ye...Berapi api lah kelas nanti. Tak sabar nak mendengar dan berdebat debat di dalam kelas. Tengok lah macam mana gayanya. Kelas untuk Etnik Relations ini akan di adakan pada 18 Januari nanti, dalam lebih kurang 3 minggu lagi.

Selamat Bertemu.

40 studies That Changed Psychology

2008-12-24T21:28:00.000-08:00

Another book that I borrowed from PNM, this attracts me more, during this public holiday where all the children has dispersed into thin air, i have the time in reading. What a wonderful day.

Unfortunately my neighbour (Hindu's family) is doing their prayer. It meant, plenty of loud music (the sound from the two tablas that caused my heart, mind and soul pounding) than i decided to insert this posting in the blog.

About the book - Written by Roger R Hock, reprinted since 1992, old research eh.. Pearson Education, New Jersey, but the topic that it is covering, faboulous, marvellous...

some of the chapters..

One brain or two
More experience = bigger brain
Are you a Natural
Watch Out for the Visual Cliff...

and that is Part 1 of 10.

and if I have the inspirations, generosity ...I will share what I had found in this book. Until later.

Definition

2008-12-24T21:13:00.000-08:00

Psychology is a collection of academic, clinical and industrial disciplines concerned with the explanation and prediction of behavior, thought-processes, emotions, motivations, relationships, potentials and pathologies. It might be said that many related disciplines live under the same name including: experimental psychology, which focuses on basic and applied science; humanistic psychology, which uses qualitative research rather than conventional statistical methods to investigate the subjective experience of human beings; clinical psychology and counselling psychology, which focus primarily on helping people overcome or better manage pathologies as well as transcend perceived limitations; and Industrial/Organizational Psychology, which applies psychological principles to people working in organizations.

Psychology differs from sociology, anthropology, economics, and political science, in part, by studying the behavior of individuals (alone or in groups) rather than the behavior of the groups or aggregates themselves. While psychological questions were asked in antiquity (c.f., Aristotle's De Memoria et Reminiscentia or "On Memory and Recollection"), psychology emerged as a separate discipline only recently. The first person to call himself a "psychologist", Wilhelm Wundt, opened the first psychological laboratory in 1879.

The root of the word psychology (psyche) means "soul" or "spirit" in Greek, and psychology was sometimes considered a study of the soul (in a religious sense of this term), though its emergence as a medical discipline can be seen in Thomas Willis' reference to psychology (the "Doctrine of the Soul") in terms of brain function, as part of his 1672 anatomical treatise "De Anima Brutorum" ("Two Discourses on the Souls of Brutes").

Until about the end of the 19th Century, psychology was regarded as a branch of philosophy. Experimental psychology, as introduced by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 at Leipzig University in Germany, did not contain any religious implications. In the 1890s, Sigmund Freud invented and utilized a therapeutic method of uncovering repressed wishes, known as psychoanalysis. Since then, psychology typically considered primarily behavior (e.g., the behaviorism of John B. Watson and later psychologists), the mind (i.e., cognitive psychology), or both. Today it would be rare to find someone who considered psychology the study of immaterial minds, let alone souls. However, there are many psychologists who believe in the soul and bring spirituality into their psychological work. Of course, like all sciences that have broken off from philosophy, purely philosophical questions about the mind are still studied by philosophers; the name of the philosophical subdiscipline which studies those questions is philosophy of mind or philosophical psychology.

Experimental psychology, the field founded by Wilhelm Wundt and William James, focuses on general and basic questions concerning behavior, mental states, or both, including theories of pathology which are also important to clinical psychology.

A key area of debate in psychology has been the extent to which our capacities are learnt versus the extent to which they are innate (this issue is closely related to the more general nature-nurture debate in biology). The behaviorism of B.F. Skinner viewed behaviour as being learnt through a process of conditioning - the association of stimuli with responses. The influence of behaviorism took a blow with the work of the psycho-linguist Noam Chomsky on language acquisition. Chomsky argued that the stimulus available to an infant was simply not rich enough to allow language-learning through Skinnerian conditioning, and that the human brain must have an innate capacity for, or predisposition towards language learning. This idea that the brain has a specialised Language Acquisition Device in many ways laid the foundation for the field now known as cognitive psychology, which tends to view the mind in terms of more-or-less specialised functions or processes.

Humanistic psychology emerged in the 1950s in reaction to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis. It stresses a phenomenological view of human experience and seeks to understand human beings and their behavior by conducting qualitative research. The humanistic approach has its roots in existentialist thought (see Heidegger, Nietzsche, Sartre and Kierkegaard). The founding theorists behind this school of thought are Abraham Maslow who presented a hierarchy of human needs, Carl Rogers who created and developed client centered therapy, and Fritz and Laura Perls who helped create and develop 'gestalt therapy'.
Clinical and counseling psychology both focus on understanding and treatment of behavioral or mental problems. Psychiatry is the medical field specializing in mental health issues, thereby overlapping with clinical psychology. Clinical and counselling psychologists often work in co-operation with psychiatrists, social workers, psychiatric nurses and 'lay' counselors. Psychiatrists are often involved in providing psycho-pharmacological care including antidepressant, antianxiety, antipsychotic and mood-stabilizing medication. Services aimed at mental or behavioral problems are also often provided by traditional healers and religious counselors. Fields such as neuroscience, political science, media studies and gender studies have also come to be seen as closely related to psychology.

Applied psychology is a more general term, referring to solving problems and answering questions that could help solve problems faced by people and society. For example, researching how animals won't eat novel foods after getting ill, even if the food didn't cause the illness, has helped explain why cancer patients have difficulty eating after chemotherapy.
During the third through sixth centuries in India, a branch of study developed within Buddhism that investigated the functions of the human mind, and the relationship of these to human behavior, mental illness, and methods for correcting delusory thinking that leads to suffering. This school was known as Yogacara (also known by the names Mind-only, Consciousness-only, etc).

In recent years and particularly in the United States, a major split has been developing between academic research psychologists in universities and some branches of clinical psychology. Many academic psychologists believe that these clinicians use therapies based on discredited theories and unsupported by empirical evidence of their effectiveness. From the other side, these clinicians believe that the academics are ignoring their experience in dealing with actual patients. The disagreement has resulted in the formation of the American Psychological Society by the research psychologists as a new body distinct from the American Psychological Association.

more from http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Physcology/

How to Do Research

2008-12-21T04:29:00.000-08:00

A Psychologist's Guide

- Jonathan St B T Evans, 2005 Psychology Press New York

I am reading this book at this moment and will tap in some information later (sharing is the best I can do for both of us).

4 of 4 - Ethnic Relations

2008-12-21T04:25:00.000-08:00

Relations between people of different ethnic groups are crucial issues in the world of today. At both the national and international levels, ethnic conflicts are important issues, impeding effective relations and social harmony.

Although people often believe that we can all get along if we just try, history tells us that conflict is more likely than harmony in the context of intercultural contact. How can we get along better with others?

The chances for effective and harmonious intercultural relations are enhanced by knowledge about the dynamics of culture and cross-cultural relations and preparation for cross-cultural adaptation.

3 of 4 - Marketing Communications

2008-12-21T04:21:00.000-08:00

Marketing communications is a subset of the overall subject area known as marketing.

Marketing has a marketing mix that is made of price, place, promotion, product (know as the four P's), that includes people, processes and physical evidence, when marketing services (known as the seven P's).

How does marketing communications fit in? Marketing communications is 'promotion' from the marketing mix.

Why are marketing communications 'integrated?' Integrated means combine or amalgamate, or put simply the jigsaw pieces that together make a complete picture. This is so that a single message is conveyed by all marketing communications. Different messages confuse your customers and damage brands. So if a TV advert carries a particular logo, images and message, then all newspaper adverts and point-of-sale materials should carry the same logo, images or message, or one that fits the same theme. Coca-Cola uses its familiar red and white logos and retains themes of togetherness and enjoyment throughout its marketing communications.

Marketing communications has a mix. Elements of the mix are blended in different quantities in a campaign. The marketing communications mix includes many different elements, and the following list is by no means conclusive. It is recognised that there is some cross over between individual elements (e.g. Is donating computers to schools, by asking shoppers to collect vouchers, public relations or sales promotion?) Here are the key of the marketing communications mix.

The Marketing Communications Mix.

Personal Selling.
Sales Promotion.
Public Relations (and publicity).
Direct Marketing.
Trade Fairs and Exhibitions.
Advertising (above and below the line).
Sponsorship.
Packaging.
Merchandising (and point-of-sale).
EMarketing (and Internet promotions).
Brands.

Integrated marketing communications see the elements of the communications mix 'integrated' into a coherent whole. This is known as the marketing communications mix, and forms the basis of a marketing communications campaign.

2 of 4 - Writing for Public Relations

2008-12-21T03:49:00.000-08:00

picking this information from one the net..

not sure it will be the same, maybe some rought ideas on the subject

This writing-intensive course includes components of knowledge and skills. You will learn about organizations, publics, the media and how to prepare public relations messages for print and electronic media.

Course Objectives:

You will learn how to adapt messages for various media (e.g., news releases, copy for employee publications, position papers, direct mail, video scripts, speeches and Web sites).

You will consider your audience and associated motivational factors, as well as the technical requirements of the medium. You will also become familiar with and use commercial media lists.

Knowledge components. You will learn to:
Explain how writer's purpose, intended public and requirements of the medium affect style and content.

Recognize potential problems and apply solutions in media relations.

Recognize legal and ethical problems associated with public relations writing.

Skill components. You will learn to:

Prepare news releases, with particular attention to the requirements of the sponsoring organization, the requirements of the medium, and journalistic standards.

Adapt written material for use in newsletters.

Develop questions and answers in anticipation of media interest.

Write and orally deliver a prepared statement, then field questions from an aggressive media corps.

Research and write a speech for someone else.

Proofread and edit the work of others.

Apply the AP Stylebook guidelines to written materials.

Use commercial media directories.

Textbooks, Supplementary Materials, Hardware and Software Requirements

Required Textbooks:

Please visit the Virtual Bookstore to obtain textbook information for this course:
http://rodp.bkstr.com

Supplementary Materials:
Please visit the Virtual Bookstore to obtain textbook information for this course:
http://rodp.bkstr.com

Hardware Requirements:

The minimum requirements can be found at

http://www.rodp.org/students/hardware_software.htm.
Software Requirements:

The minimum requirements can be found at http://www.rodp.org/students/hardware_software.htm.

Unit1Chapter one and two:

Public relations and the writer. Publics, channels and the role of the writer. Legal and ethical guidelines.

Unit 2

Chapter three and four:

Persuasion and communication. Steps in the persuasion process. Research for the PR writer.

Unit 3

Chapter five and six:

Style and Content, Grammar, Spelling and Punctuation. Using Associated Press style. Editing.
Simplifying the complex. Media directories, The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on

Media Law.
Unit4C

hapter seven:

Preparing memos, business letters, reports and proposals. Use of e-mail and proper
"netiquette."

Unit5

Chapter eight:

Backgrounders and position papers. Advocating a point of view.

Unit6

Chapter nine and ten:

News releases. Form, style and types of releases; news for broadcasting.

Unit7

Chapter 11 and 12:

Creating messages for broadcast media. Public service announcements, releases and video news releases.

Unit8Chapter 13:

Writing advertising copy. Message appeal and positioning. Direct response and sales promotions.

Unit 9

Chapter 14: Writing for Web sites and e-newsletters. Developing an organizational Web site.

Creating an online area for journalists.

Unit10Chapter 15:

Components of campaign writing and media kits. Speeches, presentations and proclamations.

Unit 11Chapter 16: Speeches, presentations and proclamations.

Unit12Chapter 17: Newsletters, brochures and annual reports.

Unit13Chapter 18: Brochures

Unit14Chapter19: Magazines and Annual reports.

Unit15Chapter 20: Crisis Communications

(some of the chapters it looks likes we have cover in the past semester)..maybe this round we are going in depth.

The Four

2008-12-21T03:46:00.000-08:00

These are the 4 subjects

LIB404 - PSYCHOLOGY
PRO520 - WRITING FOR PUBLIC RELATIONS
COM463 - MARKETING COMMUNICATION
CTU553 - ETHNIC RELATIONS

1 of 4 - Psychology

2008-12-21T03:42:00.000-08:00

some definations from the wikipedia - absolutely need more readig on this def...from the books and the discussions with the lecturer

Psychology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, "breath, life, soul"; and -λογία, -logia) is an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. Psychologists study such phenomena as perception, cognition, emotion, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including issues related to everyday life (e.g. family, education, and employment) and the treatment of mental health problems. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of these functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the underlying physiological and neurological processes. Psychology includes many sub-fields of study and application concerned with such areas as human development, sports, health, industry, media, and law.

3rd Semester - Dec08 - Apr 09

2008-12-21T01:00:00.000-08:00

Few New things - (lair) ..try my best

1) Not happy with my 2nd Semester results (still unhappy - give me more time)

2) With new hopes and resolutions (never trust own resolutions)

3) 4 New Subjects

4) Hectic - Need to attend seminars on different weeks - total 8 seminars (worst in February 4 seminars) ..no rest at all..

5) Starting early...(like today, I have borrowed (not read) Psychology books from the library)..naah..

...... and bunch of fresh flowers for me.. (yeah - virtual only mah where can I afford)