Surat Beradat (yang ingin menulis surat beradat)

Bab 7 - SURAT BERADAT (semoga membantu)


7.1 PENGENALAN
Surat beradat ialah surat yang diutuskan oleh rakyat kepada raja, orang kenamaan kepada raja-raja, raja kepada orang-orang kenamaan, di antara raja yang memerintah kepada kerabat di raja dan di antara raja-raja yang memerintah sesama raja.

Pengirim dan Penerima
 1. Rakyat kepada orang besar-besar yang bergelar.
 2. Rakyat dan orang besar-besar yang bergelar kepada Sultan.
 3. rakyat jelata kepada pegawai-pegawai tinggi.
 4. rakyat kepada Perdana Menteri

Permohonan surat beradat meliputi empat perkara:
i) permohonan dan pengaduan terhadap sesuatu perkara.
ii) Perkara yang dipohon/ diadu biasanya besar dan penting
iii) Bahasa yang digunakan hendaklah halus dan lembut sebagai tanda hormat kepada orang yang dituju dan sesuai pula dengan pangkat dan kedudukan penerima.
iv) Surat itu biasanya mengandungi hujah-hujah dan keterangan yang berkesan.


7.2 FORMAT SURAT BERADAT (sesetengah negara boleh lah merujuk)
Penulisan surat beradat hendaklah mematuhi format berikut:
 a.kepala surat- menggunakan perkataan Arab yang membawa maksud yang baik / mengikut kehendak pengirim surat. Penggunaan kata-kata pujian tentang penerima surat/doa untuk penerima surat
 Tujuan untuk memuliakan penerima surat.
 Surat yang ditiru daripada surat kiriman arab dan parsi.

Contoh : Waliyu’l hasanat- penghulu segala kebaikan.
 Ya Rafiu’l-darajat – ketinggian darjat/kedudukan
 Ya Rahim- yang penyayang
 Ya ‘Aziz – yang mulia
 Ya Karim- yang mulia
 Ya Taj al-Wafar


b.alamat surat – merujuk kepada nama/ gelaran dan alamat:
i) mengikut Sultan negeri-negeri/ kerabat diraja
ii) mengikut nama pembesar negeri/pemimpin/wakil rakyat
iii) jabatan
Contoh:
Mengadap ke majlis yang mulia Dato Setia Wangsa, yang beristirehat di Kampong Ladang, Kuala Terengganu, dengan sejahteranya. Amin.

c.maksud surat- tujuan surat beradat
-bercemar duli = Sultan/raja menghantar surat kepada sesebuah organisasi/ individu untuk melakukan lawatan kerja.
-mencemar duli = surat dihantar untuk mempersilakan Sultan/raja untuk lawatan kerja.
Sebelum sesuatu tujuan atau maksud surat ditulis, wujud perkataaan Arab iaitu Amma ba’du (adapun selepas itu) sebagai tanda pujian-pujian dari awal hingga akhir inti surat.
Contoh:
Daulat tuanku bertambah-tambah daulat!

d.menamatkan surat dan tanda tangan – mempunyai penutup yang bergantung kepada pengirim surat beradat.
Contohnya:
-Sekian dimaklumkan
-Saya/ patik sudahi dengan sembah dan takzim
-Demikianlah sahaja patik maklumkan. Disudahi dengan ingatan tulus ikhlas yang berkekalan dan diharapkan sentiasa dalam keadaan sihat ‘afiat arif waras aman sentosa, adanya.
-Had inilah sahaja, patik pacal yang hina berdatang sembah dan dipohonkan sembah ampun dan timbang kurnia daripada ke bawah Duli jua, adanya


7.3 PENGGUNAAN BAHASA DALAM SURAT BERADAT
a. bahasa Arab - dalam kepala surat
b. bahasa Melayu lama
c. bahasa Sanskrit
d. bahasa istana
e. bahasa biasa

CONTOH:
a.al-mustahiqah
b.ya qadiyal hajat
c.amma ba'du
d.patik pacal yang hina
e.menjunjung kasih
f.adalah patik dengan penuh hormat dan setia
g.daulat Tuanku bertambah-tambah daulat


7.4 PERATURAN PENULISAN SURAT BERADAT KEPADA YANG DI-PERTUAN AGONG


1. Lafaz Bismilah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim
2. Perkataan Mengadap
3. Kata puji-pujian-Nama penuh Seri Paduka Baginda Tuanku dan Pangkat/anugerah dan pujian di atas pemerintahannya.
 Contoh:
 Dengan hormatnya, patik merafakkan sembah dan berdoa kehadrat Allah Subhana Wataala, mudah-mudahan Seri Paduka Baginda Tuanku dan Seri Paduka Baginda Raja Permaisuri Agong sentiasa berada dalam selamat dan kesejahteraannya.

4.Salam Pembuka Penuh- Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
5. Kandungan / isi surat
6. Penutup surat
7. tandatangan dan jawatan


ASPEK BAHASA DAN BUDAYA

 Kandungan bahasa berbunga-bunga kerana pengaruh terjemahan bahasa arab dan parsi.
 Penggunaan bahasa mestilah bersesuaian dengan penerima. Jika Seri Paduka Baginda Tuanku, bahasa dirajanya hendaklah ringkas dan mudah difahami.
 Penulisan surat beradat menunjukkan aspek budaya yang tinggi kerana mengambil kira penerima surat sebagai orang yang perlu dihormati dan disanjungi.
 Budaya Melayu yang mementingkan institusi Kesultanan Melayu


disclaimer - tidak bertanggungjawab jika format kini sudah pun di ubah. Semoga dapat membantu pelajar juga pencari pencari contoh menulis surat beradat.

Thanks to Puan Saliza - 2007.

Media Law

What is Media Law


What is Media Law

Media law is an area of the law which covers media communications of all sorts and sizes. Specialists in this field may work for individual companies, handling legal issues which come up in the course of doing business. They can also work for organizations which provide advocacy to people who run afoul of the law, or have private practices with consulting services and other forms of legal assistance available to clients. In order to become a media lawyer, it is necessary to attend law school and complete a concentration in media law, an option which is not offered at all law schools.

There are three general areas of interest within media law. The first is print media, including newspapers, magazines, print advertising and so forth. The second is telecommunications, including radio and television broadcasting. Finally, digital communications and the Internet are a broad field within media law, and as the Internet evolves, this frontier is constantly changing.

Media lawyers handle topics such as defamation, slander, and the right to privacy. They discuss whether or not activities are legal, what modifications might need to be made to make something legal, and how to defend people engaging in controversial activities. Media lawyers can specialize in things like assisting citizen journalists, protecting journalistic sources, defending copyrights and intellectual property, and determining where the boundaries of fair use lie. Advocacy organizations are especially interested in protecting people online and helping individuals resist questionable legal tactics which might be used by larger organizations and companies which are unhappy with their activities.

Many nations have a number of laws which pertain to media, and these laws are often in flux as nations attempt to deal with changing technology and norms. A career in media law requires keeping abreast of legislative changes as well as tracking court cases related to media law which might set precedents or clarify the law. Even work in traditional fields like newspapers is evolving rapidly, and a good legal department needs to have staff who are familiar with the latest in the field.
Some media lawyers may spend much of their time in the office, drafting contracts and briefs, doing research, and acting as consultants. Others may attend meetings to provide legal advice and assistance, and some lawyers spend more time in court actively trying cases. All of these aspects of legal practice are of importance, and as people train and work, they learn more about the areas of legal practice they are most interested in. Some lawyers, for example, enjoy going to court, while others may prefer preparing legal research.

there is written law, verbal law, law that being uphold, law controlled by people who has power, law that are being triggered to kill one and save a lot and we as human and the people that know, knew, there is no other law that can be best justified, than law by GOD...so be patience...the day will come....i promise u..

hati ibu

bagaimanalah nak ditafsifkan hati seorang ibu bila anaknya tidak tahu apa yang perlu di katakan kepada seorang anak yang daya ingatannya tidak lebih dari 3 saat

pesanannya ibunya tidak di ingat

dan selalu lah ibunya dikecewakan kerana sifat anak yang tidak dapat mengingatkan segala pesanannya

jika berjanji kepada ibunya dia sendiri yang lupa

kalau di marahi bagai menyalak di bukit kerana apalah gunanya kerana bukan dengan sengaja dia lupa

kalau dia sendiri jarang sekali dapat mengingati apa yang perlu dia sendiri lakukan

letak beg di sini di sana di carinya letak tali leher satu rumah dipunggahnya

sudah kehendak tuhan

sudah tentu ada jalan namun belum diketemukan

dan hati seorang ibu masih lagi mengharapkan kemustahilan menjadi jawaban.

Media Law

what about it what should we look into this paper. referring to the contents of what need to be achieved will need to -


1. Understand the overall concepts of the media and law in the country
2. Able to address the importance of regulation and ethics in the society
3. To provide an overview of major approaches to the study of media and law, specifically from within the communication field and looking to 2 years of past years questions and that is 4 papers, not many is being repeated, and it mean that we need to understand the entire subjek on what is what of and what not of media law...and again it meant a lot of reading..

I have left this blog for a full semester

because there is not neccessary to me but this coming semester i need a place i can always refer my reading and there are too wide to be compared in my harddisk so this coming semester will be on

this coming semester
PR Marketing
Media Law
PR in Special Topic
PR Financial
Interpersonal communication
and
New Media

and starts with anything about Media Law


previous semester

public opinion
advanced script writing
arab language part 3
media research
procedures of translation

it has begun

management
international public relations
events management
economy and
Arabic languages

todate..i have bought books for management and IPR only...need to spend on events management and economy...

why on earth it is difficult to get the books in the bookstore...but they suggested it to us..

what..

why..

This semester Dec - Apr 2010

I have decided to end my studies in 2011. In making it happening, i need to take 5 paper per semester, with 4 semester left for me to achieve that, hardworking is beyond question.

I prayed to GOD Allah Almighty to honor me with good health and sanity for the rest of 24 months.

May God Bless Us All.